Category:Linux Config

Grub

• sudo vi /etc/default/grub
• GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" -> GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="text"
• sudo update-grub
• sudo systemctl set-default multi-user.target, and you can revert it later by -> sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target

reference

• File system of linux

Swap

Use swap file

touch /swap-file
mkswap /swap-file
swapon /swap-file
swapon -s

Write the file on boot

/swap-file swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

Common Install

• Network

apt-get install curl privoxy curl

• Disk

apt-get install gparted

• input method

apt-get install fcitx fcitx-pinyin #remember to set according fcitx diagnose

• Editor

sudo apt-get install snapd snapd-xdg-open
sudo snap install notepad-plus-plus
* Interpreter
sudo apt-get install python

Update

Kernel

Update to the latest kernel

• sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

System Configue

Linux System Configure File

Header text	Header text	Note
cat /var/log/kern.log	kernal log	-
cat /proc/cpuinfo	cpu info	-
/etc/hosts	hosts file
nano /etc/passwd	edit users	test:x:503:503::/home/test:/bin/bash set the user: login name, password, ID, groupID, comment paragraph, main directory, shell, etc
nano /etc/group	edit groups	debian-transmission:x:117:root,pi user root and pi are in group debian-transmission

Set Path

Example for root

• .bashrc file locate in ~/.bashrc
• list by command ls -al
• Set path in ~/.bashrc, or ~/.bash_profile

Export for HTTP, HTTPS, FTP

export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:8118"
export https_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:8118"
export ftp_proxy="127.0.0.1:8118"

For ESP

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/esp/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin

Test

• echo $PATH: output: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/home/he/esp/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin
• verify: xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc -v

Alias

• Or use alias: alias get_esp32="export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/esp/xtensa-esp32-elf/bin"

Set System Auto Start

1. ’‘’init.d‘’‘ directory names within directory put the startup script for each service, such as sshd, httpd etc.
2. ‘’‘rcX.d’‘’ directory name, followed by the X stands for each run level. Each service within the directory has links to the startup script file in the init.d, according to the file name link to the start-up state. K said they did not start at the beginning of the service, S starts showing links rc.local file to start the service, referring to the /etc/rc.d/
3. ’‘’rc.local‘’‘ After the system is initialized and services are ready, the final execution of a script, you can put some simple scripts which

• Methods /etc/rc.d/rc.local or /etc/rc.local
• Methods update-rc.d: this can run it as service, /etc/init.d/

Disk Operation

Main	Header text	Header text
check available disk	fdisk -l	Example
check disk and also mounted on	df -h	Example
list the mounted disk	lsblk	Example
list usb disck	lsusb
mount disk	mount -t ntfs /dev/sda1 /mnt/ mount -t auto /dev/sda1 /media/SSK

Mount Disk

• Install ntfs-3g format: apt-get install ntfs-3g
• Error cause ((device sda1): load_system_files(): $LogFile is not clean. Mounting read-only. Mount in Windows.)
• mount on start, first run: sudo blkid

you will see

/dev/mmcblk0p1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL="boot" UUID="15CD-3B79" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/mmcblk0p2: UUID="13d368bf-6dbf-4751-8ba1-88bed06bef77" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda1: LABEL="SSK" UUID="C494B1E694B1DADE" TYPE="ntfs"

• edit fstab: sudo nano /etc/fstab
• insert the ntfs type: UUID=DA9C8D0E9C8CE5FB /media/disk ntfs gid=root, uid=root, dmask=002, fmask=113 0 0
• which means <file system> <location> <type> <gid?> <uid?> <dmask to directories> <fmask applies to files> <?> <?>

• you have to format it to ext3 or ext4 format firstly, use commoand mkfs.ext3
• change group and write permission that is the same process above
• operation not permitted

MISC

Set	Command	-
Hosts DNS	/etc/hosts for DNS	-
hostname	/etc/hostname	-
Alias	nano ~/.bashrc	-
Run on daemon	nohup python main.py & check -> ps ax | grep test.py

Set password for Ubuntu or Lubuntu

• sudo passwd -> enter current password, and enter new password for root
• su root -> use the passwod just set can login, can now set